Samsung NP-NC10 NC10 945GSE N280 Laptop Motherboard Schematic Circuit Diagram
Samsung NP-NC10 NC10 945GSE N280 Laptop Motherboard Schematic Circuit Diagram
The Processor Performance Comparing
The number of steps in the processor's internal architecture is one of the most inefficient features of single-core processors. The Pentium III, AMD Athlon, Athlon XP, and the Pentium 4 Prescott all had ten stages, whereas the Pentium 4 Prescott had 31 stages.
A deeper design or diagram effectively breaks down instructions into smaller micro-steps, allowing for faster overall clock speeds with the same semiconductor technology. However, as compared to processors with shorter pipelines, this means that fewer instructions may be performed in a single cycle. This is because if a branch prediction or guess execution step fails (which occurs a lot inside the processor as it tries to line up instructions ahead of time), the entire pipeline must be flushed and refilled. When a current Intel Core i7 or AMD FX processor is compared to a Pentium 4 processor running at the same clock speed, the Core i7 and FX will execute more instructions in the same amount of cycles.
Although having a larger pipeline has a cost in terms of instruction efficiency, it allows processors to run at greater clock speeds on given manufacturing technology. As a result, even if a deeper pipeline is less efficient, the higher clock speeds that follow can compensate. The P4 architecture's larger 20- or 31-stage pipeline allowed for much faster clock rates while using the same silicon die process as previous devices. In the same introduction timeline, the 0.13-micron process Pentium 4 reached 3.4GHz, whereas the Athlon XP reached 2.2GHz (3200+ model). Despite the fact that the Pentium 4 processed fewer instructions per cycle, the overall faster cycling rates compensated for the efficiency loss; the faster clock speed and more efficient processing basically canceled each other out.
